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Timeline of the 20th Century

 

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12th Century
 
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11th Century
 
 
Colour Key :

 
Abbreviations:
b.  born
d.  died
fl.  flourished
r.  ruled/reigned
c.  circa (approximately)
St.  Saint
BC  before Christ
AD  Anno Domini ('in the year of our Lord' - after the birth of Christ)
UK   United Kingdom
EEC   European Economic Community
NATO   North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
UN   United Nations
USA/US   United States of America
USSR   Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Prominent People
English Monarchs
Popes
Rulers
Events and Eras
Cultural Achievements,
Inventions and Discoveries
 
2000 Election scandal in USA (2000)
NATO forces attack Serbia (1999)
Luxor massacre (1997)
Barings Bank collapse (1995)
Battle of Wanstonia (1994)
Start of Hutu-Tutsi wars (1994)
Convention on Chemical Weapons (1993)
Oslo Accord (1993)
USA invades Somalia (1992 - 1995)
Czechoslovakia divided into Czech and Slovak Republics (1992)
UN forces attack Iraq (1991)
USSR dissolved (1991)
German reunification (1990)
Iraq invades Kuwait (1990)
Prison riots in UK (1990)
Poll Tax riots in UK (1990)
USA invades Panama (1989)
Romanian Revolution (1989)
Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia (1989)
Berlin Wall brought down (1989)
Tiananmen Square massacre (1989)
Lockerbie air crash (1988)
Armenian earthquake (1988)
Piper Alpha fire (1988)
Iran Contra affair (1987)
Stock Market crash (1987)
Intifada started (1987)
Marcos overthrown in Philippines (1986)
USA bombs Libya (1986)
Chernobyl reactor accident (1986)
French government agents sink Rainbow Warrior (1985)
Bhopal chemical disaster (1984)
USA invades Granada (1983)
Falklands War (1982)
Inner-city riots in UK (1981)
Zimbabwe becomes independent (1980)
Start of Gulf War (1980)
Eruption of Mount St. Helens (1980)
USSR invades Afghanistan (1979)
Iranian Revolution (1978 - 1979)
Pope John Paul II (r.1978 - )
Pope John Paul I (r.1978)
Angola becomes independent (1975)
Turkey invades Cyprus (1974)
End of military rule in Greece (1974)
Watergate scandal (1973 - 1974)
Military Coup in Chile (1973)
VAT introduced in UK (1973)
Cod War between UK and Iceland (1973)
UK, Eire and Denmark join EEC (1973)
Bahamas becomes independent (1973)
Yom Kippur War (1973)
Bloody Sunday killings in Derry (1972)
Biological Weapons Convention (1972)

Stonewall Riot (1969)
USSR invades Czechoslovakia (1968)
Prague Spring (1968)
May Unrest in Paris (1968)
Six Day War in Israel (1967)
Biafran War (1967 - 1970)
Military Coup in Greece (1967)
Abortion Act in UK (1967)
Botswana becomes independent (1966)
Rhodesia makes unilateral declaration of independence (1965)
US Civil Rights Laws (1964)
Palestine Liberation Organisation formed (1964)
Aberfan landslide (1966)
Kenya becomes independent (1963)
Kennedy assassinated (1963)
Malaysia becomes independent (1963)
Pope Paul VI (r.1963 - 1978)
Cuban missile crisis (1962)
Jamaica, Uganda, Cyprus and Algeria become independent (1962)
Amnesty International founded (1961)
Berlin Wall built (1961)
Sierra Leone becomes independent (1961)
Nigeria, Zaire, Niger, Mali, Upper Volta, Ivory Coast, Mauritania, Senegal, Dahomey, Togo, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Congo and Somalia become independent (1960)
International Antarctic Treaty (1959)
Cuban Revolution (1959)
Pope John XXIII (r.1958 - 1963)
Treaty of Rome establishes EEC (1957)
Suez Crisis (1956)
Morocco, Sudan and Tunisia become independent (1956)
Warsaw Pact (1955)
Vietnam War (1954 - 1973)
Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya (1952)
Elizabeth II (r.1952 - )
Libya becomes independent (1951)
European Coal and Steel Community established (1951)
Korean War (1950 - 1953)
NATO formed (1949)
Indonesia becomes independent (1949)
State of Israel founded (1948)
Burma becomes independent (1948)
India becomes independent (1947)
Marshall Plan (1947)
Prussia dissolved (1947)
Lebanon, Syria and Jordan become independent (1946)
Cold War (1945 - 1990)
Nuremberg Trials (1945 - 1946)
United Nations formed (1945)
USA uses atomic bombs on Japan (1945)
International Monetary Fund established (1944)
Battle of the Bulge (1944)
D-day landings (1944)


Battle of El Alamein (1942)

Pearl Harbour Bombed (1941)
House of Commons in London bombed (1941)
Battle of Britain (1940)
Evacuation of Dunkirk (1940)
Second World War (1939 - 1945)
Pope Pius XII (r.1939 - 1958)
Kristallnacht (1938)
Munich Agreement (1938)
Germany annexes Austria (1938)
George VI (r.1936 - 1952)
Edward VIII (r.1936)
Spanish Civil War (1936 - 1938)
Italy annexes Ethiopia (1936)
Gold Standard abandoned (1936)
Jarrow Crusade (1936)
Mao's Long March (1934)
Civil War in Austria (1934)
Night of the Long Knives (1934)

Mass Trespass on Kinder Scout (1932)





Wall Street Crash (1929)


Pact of Paris (1928)
Women over 21 get vote in UK (1928)


General Strike in UK (1926)



Geneva Protocol (1925)






Turkey becomes sovereign state (1923)
Pope Pius XI (r.1922 - 1939)




Prohibition in USA (1920 - 1933)
Treaty of Trianon (1920)
Bloody Sunday killings in Dublin (1920)
Treaty of St. Germain (1919)
Treaty of Versailles (1919)
Massacre at Amritsar (1919)
Afghanistan becomes independent (1919)
League of Nations (1919)
Spanish-influenza pandemic (1918 - 1919)
Women over 30 get vote in UK (1918)
Czechoslovakia formed (1918)
Fall of Austro-Hungarian Empire (1918)
Russian Revolution (1917)
Balfour Declaration (1917)
Easter Uprising in Dublin (1916)




1st World War (1914 - 1918)
Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated (1914)
Pope Benedict XV (r.1914 - 1922)
Crete becomes part of Greece (1913)

Sinking of the Titanic (1912)


Chinese Revolution (1911)


George V (r.1910 - 1936)
South African Union established (1910)





Labour Party formed in UK (1906)
San Francisco earthquake (1906)

Moroccan crisis (1905)
Attempted revolution in Russia (1905)








Panama becomes independent (1903)
Pope St. Pius X (r.1903 - 1914)







Commonwealth of Australia founded (1901)
Edward VII (r.1901 - 1910)












































































Diana, Princess of Wales (1961 - 1997)


















Linton Kwesi Johnson (b.1952)


Richard Branson (b.1950)




Steven Spielberg (b.1947)
Lech Walesa (b.1947)

Steve Biko (1946 - 1977)


Bob Marley (1945 - 1980)







Anita Roddick (b.1943)
Stephen Hawking (b.1942)
Jimi Hendrix (1942 - 1970)
Colonel Gaddafi (b.1942)


Pelé (b.1940)
Clive Sinclair (b.1940)





Philip Glass (b.1937)
Vaclav Havel (b.1936)
Elvis Presley (1935 - 1977)







Umberto Eco (b.1932)
Ted Hughes (b.1930)
Haile Selassie (1930 - 1974)
Andy Warhol (1930 - 1987)
Harold Pinter (b.1930)
Stephen Sondheim (b.1930)
Anne Frank (1929 - 1945)
Martin Luther King (1929 - 1968)
Yassir Arafat (b.1929)
Jacques Brel (1929 - 1978)
Ché Guevara (1928 - 1967)
Noam Chomsky (b.1928)
Fidel Castro (b.1927)

Michel Foucault (1926 - 1984)
Marilyn Monroe (1926 - 1962)
Malcolm X (1926 - 1965)

Idi Amin (1925 - 2003)
Margaret Thatcher (b.1925)
Peter Sellers (1925 - 1980)
B.B. King (b.1925)
Tony Hancock (1924 - 1968)
Marcel Marceau (b.1923)
Jack Kerouac (1923 - 1969)
Kingsley Amis (1922 - 1995)
Christiaan Barnard (b.1922)
Philip Larkin (1922 - 1985)
Eric Laithwaite (1921 - 1997)
Malcolm Arnold (b.1921)
Alexander Dubcek (1921 - 1992)
Tim Leary (1920 - 1996)
Doris Lessing (b.1919)
James Lovelock (b.1919)
Eva Perón 'Evita' (1919 - 1952)




Nelson Mandela (b.1918)
Ingmar Bergman (b.1918)
Alexander Solzhenitsyn (b.1918)
Leonard Bernstein (1918 - 1990)
Indira Gandhi (1917 - 1984)
Dizzy Gillespie (1917 - 1993)
Roald Dahl (1916 - 1990)
Moshe Dayan (1915 - 1981)
Arthur Miller (b.1915)
Frank Sinatra (b.1915)
Alec Guinness (b.1914)
Dylan Thomas (1914 - 1953)
Thor Heyerdahl (b.1914)
Benjamin Britten (1913 - 1976)
John Cage (1912 - 1992)
Jackson Pollock (1912 - 1956)
Woody Guthrie (1912 - 1967)
Milton Friedman (b.1912)
Alan Mathison Turing (1912 - 1954)

Ginger Rogers (b.1911)


Mother Theresa (1910 - 1997)
Victor Borge (1909 - 2000)
Stephane Grappelli (1908 - 1997)
Laurence Olivier (1907 - 1989)
Frank Whittle (b.1907)
W.H. Auden (1907 - 1973)
Hergé (1907 - 1983)
A.J.P. Taylor (1906 - 1990)
Shostakovich (1906 - 1975)
T.H. White (1906 - 1964)
Christian Dior (1905 - 1957)
Howard Hughes (1905 - 1976)
Jean-Paul Sartre (1905 - 1980)
Greta Garbo (1905 - 1990)
George Formby (1904 - 1961)
Salvador Dali (1904 - 1989)
Marlene Dietrich (1904 - 1992)
Glenn Miller (1904 - 1944)
Cecil Beaton (1904 - 1980)
J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904 - 1967)
George Orwell (1903 - 1950)
John Wyndham (1903 - 1969)
Bix Beiderbecke (1903 - 1931)
Aram Ilyich Khachaturian (1903 - 1978)
John Ernest Steinbeck (1902 - 1968)
Karl Popper (b.1902)
Felix Wankel (1902 - 1988)
Maurits Cornelis Escher (1902 - 1972)
Walt Disney (1901 - 1966)
Francis Chichester (1901 - 1972)
George Horace Gallup (1901 - 1984)
Louis Armstrong (1901 - 1971)



Euro introduced (1999)

Dolly the Sheep cloned (1997)


1st women ordained in Church of England (1994)


Patent issued on 1st genetically engineered animal, the oncomouse (1992)

Channel Tunnel built (1990)

Nelson Mandela released from prison (1990)







Optical microprocessor developed (1988)




Mir space station launched (1986)


Band Aid concert (1985)

Internet established (c.1984)
Leprosy vaccine developed (1984)


AIDS diagnosed (1981)
1st space shuttle flight (1981)
Sony Walkman produced (1980)
Solidarity founded (1980)
Gaia theory proposed (1979)
1st test-tube baby born (1978)

Punk movement started in London (1976)

Terracotta Army discovered in Xian, China (1974)
Sydney Opera House built (1973)
Bosporus Bridge built (1973)


World Trade Center built (1972 - 1973)
CAT scan developed (1972)
Christiania founded (1972)

Microprocessor developed (1971)
Greenpeace founded (1971)
Floppy disk developed (1970)

1st Moon landing (1969)
Open University founded (1969)

1st heart-transplant operation (1967)













Fax invented (1962)
The Beatles (1962 - 1970)
Coventry Cathedral built (1962)

1st space flight (1961)

1st laser constructed (1960)





Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament founded (1958)

1st artificial satellite launched (1957)



DNA structure published (1953)
Polio vaccine developed (1953)
Heart-lung machine invented (1953)
Silicon chip developed (1953)
1st meeting of Bilderberg (1953)
Hillary and Tensing climb Mount Everest (1952)



National Health Service in UK founded (1948)
Holography invented (1948)
Carbon dating developed (1947)
Transistor invented (1947)
British Rail founded (1947)


International Court of Justice established (1945)
Ejector seat invented (1945)





Aqualung ('SCUBA') invented (1943)
1st nuclear reactor tested (1942)
Gruinard Island in Scotland infected with anthrax (1942)
T-shirt developed (1942)



1st helicopter flight (1939)
Sutton Hoo discovered (1939)

1st working computer built (1938)
Nylon invented (1938)
Biro invented (1938)
Electro-convulsive therapy developed (1937)
Golden Gate Bridge built (1937)
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs - 1st feature-length animation (1937)

Polyethylene developed (1935)
Radar invented (1935)



Neutron discovered (1932)
Empire State Building built (1931)
Jet engine invented (1930)
Pluto discovered (1930)


Vatican City becomes sovereign state (1929)



Penicillin discovered (1928)
Mickey Mouse makes first appearance in Steamboat Willie (1928)

The Jazz Singer, 1st talking picture (1927)
Harlem Globetrotters founded (1927)
Fowler's Modern English Usage published (1926)

British Broadcasting Corporation founded (1926)
Television developed (1926)
Portmeirion built (1925 - 1975)



Sydney Harbour Bridge built (1923 - 1932)
1st Le Mans 24-Hour Race (1923)
Tutankhamen's tomb discovered (1922)
2LO London starts broadcasting (1922)





Bauhaus founded (1919)












Toc H founded (1915)


Panama Canal opened (1914)

Stainless steel invented (1913)

Cosmic radiation discovered (1912)
Piltdown Man discovered (1912)
Pravda founded (1912)


South Pole reached (1911)
1st Indianapolis 500 (1911)
1st Monte Carlo Rally (1911)
Superconductivity discovered (1911)
Machu Picchu discovered (1911)

North Pole reached (1909)
Tel Aviv founded (1909)
pH scale devised (1909)

Start of film industry in Hollywood (1907 - 1911)
Rolls-Royce Ltd founded in Derby (1906)






Diode valve invented (1904)





Aeroplane developed (1903)
1st Tour de France (1903)







Nobel Prizes 1st awarded (1901)
1901
 
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