Anatine
 Timeline of World History

A comprehensive list of major events and prominent people in history from 3500 BC to AD 2000, arranged in chronological order on a fixed scale.
This is an Anglo-centric view of world history, so please excuse our ignorance of other cultures.

 

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and Their Works
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Timeline
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Dark Ages
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Timeline
 
Timeline of the
20th Century
  		 Timeline of the
19th Century
  		 Timeline of the
18th Century
  		 Timeline of the
17th Century
  		 Timeline of the
16th Century
  
Timeline of the
15th Century
 		 Timeline of the
14th Century
 		 Timeline of the
13th Century
 		 Timeline of the
12th Century
 		 Timeline of the
11th Century
 

 

 Colour Key :
Prominent People
English Monarchs
Popes
Rulers
Events and Eras
Cultural Achievements,
Inventions and Discoveries

 

Click on a century to go to that part of the page:

  
Abbreviations:
 b.  born
d.  died
fl.  flourished
r.  ruled/reigned
c.  circa (approximately)
St.  Saint
BC  before Christ
AD  Anno Domini ('in the year of our Lord' - after the birth of Christ)
UK   United Kingdom
EEC   European Economic Community
NATO   North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
UN   United Nations
USA/US   United States of America
USSR   Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
20th Century AD
19th Century AD
18th Century AD
17th Century AD
16th Century AD
15th Century AD
14th Century AD
13th Century AD
12th Century AD
11th Century AD
 10th Century AD
9th Century AD
8th Century AD
7th Century AD
6th Century AD
5th Century AD
4th Century AD
3rd Century AD
2nd Century AD
1st Century AD
 1st Century BC
2nd Century BC
3rd Century BC
4th Century BC
5th Century BC
6th Century BC
7th Century BC
8th Century BC
9th Century BC
10th Century BC
 11th Century BC
12th Century BC
13th Century BC
14th Century BC
15th Century BC
16th Century BC
17th Century BC
18th Century BC
19th Century BC
20th Century BC
 21st Century BC
22nd Century BC
23rd Century BC
24th Century BC
25th Century BC
26th Century BC
27th Century BC
28th Century BC
29th Century BC
30th Century BC

 

 31st Century BC
32nd Century BC
33rd Century BC
34th Century BC
35th Century BC
2000





































































1950





































































1901		 Election scandal in USA (2000)
NATO forces attack Serbia (1999)
Luxor massacre (1997)
Barings Bank collapse (1995)
Battle of Wanstonia (1994)
Start of Hutu-Tutsi wars (1994)
Convention on Chemical Weapons (1993)
Oslo Accord (1993)
USA invades Somalia (1992 - 1995)
Czechoslovakia divided into Czech and Slovak Republics (1992)
UN forces attack Iraq (1991)
USSR dissolved (1991)
German reunification (1990)
Iraq invades Kuwait (1990)
Prison riots in UK (1990)
Poll Tax riots in UK (1990)
USA invades Panama (1989)
Romanian Revolution (1989)
Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia (1989)
Berlin Wall brought down (1989)
Tiananmen Square massacre (1989)
Lockerbie air crash (1988)
Armenian earthquake (1988)
Piper Alpha fire (1988)
Iran Contra affair (1987)
Stock Market crash (1987)
Intifada started (1987)
Marcos overthrown in Philippines (1986)
USA bombs Libya (1986)
Chernobyl reactor accident (1986)
French government agents sink Rainbow Warrior (1985)
Bhopal chemical disaster (1984)
USA invades Granada (1983)
Falklands War (1982)
Inner-city riots in UK (1981)
Zimbabwe becomes independent (1980)
Start of Gulf War (1980)
Eruption of Mount St. Helens (1980)
USSR invades Afghanistan (1979)
Iranian Revolution (1978 - 1979)
Pope John Paul II (r.1978 - )
Pope John Paul I (r.1978)
 Angola becomes independent (1975)
Turkey invades Cyprus (1974)
End of military rule in Greece (1974)
Watergate scandal (1973 - 1974)
Military Coup in Chile (1973)
VAT introduced in UK (1973)
Cod War between UK and Iceland (1973)
UK, Eire and Denmark join EEC (1973)
Bahamas becomes independent (1973)
Yom Kippur War (1973)
Bloody Sunday killings in Derry (1972)
Biological Weapons Convention (1972)
Stonewall Riot (1969)
USSR invades Czechoslovakia (1968)
Prague Spring (1968)
May Unrest in Paris (1968)
Six Day War in Israel (1967)
Biafran War (1967 - 1970)
Military Coup in Greece (1967)
Abortion Act in UK (1967)
Botswana becomes independent (1966)
Rhodesia makes unilateral declaration of independence (1965)
US Civil Rights Laws (1964)
Palestine Liberation Organisation formed (1964)
Aberfan landslide (1966)
Kenya becomes independent (1963)
Kennedy assassinated (1963)
Malaysia becomes independent (1963)
Pope Paul VI (r.1963 - 1978)
 Cuban missile crisis (1962)
Jamaica, Uganda, Cyprus and Algeria become independent (1962)
Amnesty International founded (1961)
 Berlin Wall built (1961)
Sierra Leone becomes independent (1961)
Nigeria, Zaire, Niger, Mali, Upper Volta, Ivory Coast, Mauritania, Senegal, Dahomey, Togo, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Congo and Somalia become independent (1960)
International Antarctic Treaty (1959)
Cuban Revolution (1959)
Pope John XXIII (r.1958 - 1963)
 Treaty of Rome establishes EEC (1957)
Suez Crisis (1956)
Morocco, Sudan and Tunisia become independent (1956)
Warsaw Pact (1955)
Vietnam War (1954 - 1973)
Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya (1952)
Elizabeth II (r.1952 - )
 Libya becomes independent (1951)
European Coal and Steel Community established (1951)
Korean War (1950 - 1953)
NATO formed (1949)
Indonesia becomes independent (1949)
State of Israel founded (1948)
Burma becomes independent (1948)
India becomes independent (1947)
Marshall Plan (1947)
Prussia dissolved (1947)
Lebanon, Syria and Jordan become independent (1946)
Cold War (1945 - 1990)
Nuremberg Trials (1945 - 1946)
United Nations formed (1945)
USA uses atomic bombs on Japan (1945)
International Monetary Fund established (1944)
Battle of the Bulge (1944)
D-day landings (1944)
Battle of El Alamein (1942)
Pearl Harbour Bombed (1941)
House of Commons in London bombed (1941)
Battle of Britain (1940)
Evacuation of Dunkirk (1940)
Second World War (1939 - 1945)
Pope Pius XII (r.1939 - 1958)
 Kristallnacht (1938)
Munich Agreement (1938)
Germany annexes Austria (1938)
George VI (r.1936 - 1952)
Edward VIII (r.1936)
Spanish Civil War (1936 - 1938)
Italy annexes Ethiopia (1936)
Gold Standard abandoned (1936)
Jarrow Crusade (1936)
Mao's Long March (1934)
Civil War in Austria (1934)
Night of the Long Knives (1934)
Mass Trespass on Kinder Scout (1932)
Wall Street Crash (1929)
Pact of Paris (1928)
Women over 21 get vote in UK (1928)
General Strike in UK (1926)
Geneva Protocol (1925)
Turkey becomes sovereign state (1923)
Pope Pius XI (r.1922 - 1939)
 Prohibition in USA (1920 - 1933)
Treaty of Trianon (1920)
Bloody Sunday killings in Dublin (1920)
Treaty of St. Germain (1919)
Treaty of Versailles (1919)
Massacre at Amritsar (1919)
Afghanistan becomes independent (1919)
League of Nations (1919)
Spanish-influenza pandemic (1918 - 1919)
Women over 30 get vote in UK (1918)
Czechoslovakia formed (1918)
Fall of Austro-Hungarian Empire (1918)
Russian Revolution (1917)
Balfour Declaration (1917)
Easter Uprising in Dublin (1916)
1st World War (1914 - 1918)
Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated (1914)
Pope Benedict XV (r.1914 - 1922)
 Crete becomes part of Greece (1913)
Sinking of the Titanic (1912)
Chinese Revolution (1911)
George V (r.1910 - 1936)
South African Union established (1910)
 Labour Party formed in UK (1906)
San Francisco earthquake (1906)
Moroccan crisis (1905)
Attempted revolution in Russia (1905)
Panama becomes independent (1903)
Pope St. Pius X (r.1903 - 1914)
 Commonwealth of Australia founded (1901)
Edward VII (r.1901 - 1910)



















































Diana, Princess of Wales (1961 - 1997)









Linton Kwesi Johnson (b.1952)

Richard Branson (b.1950)
Steven Spielberg (b.1947)
Lech Walesa (b.1947)
 Steve Biko (1946 - 1977)
Bob Marley (1945 - 1980)
Anita Roddick (b.1943)
Stephen Hawking (b.1942)
Jimi Hendrix (1942 - 1970)
 Colonel Gaddafi (b.1942)
Pelé (b.1940)
Clive Sinclair (b.1940)
Philip Glass (b.1937)
 Vaclav Havel (b.1936)
Elvis Presley (1935 - 1977)
Umberto Eco (b.1932)
Ted Hughes (b.1930)
Haile Selassie (1930 - 1974)
Andy Warhol (1930 - 1987)
Harold Pinter (b.1930)
Stephen Sondheim (b.1930)
Anne Frank (1929 - 1945)
Martin Luther King (1929 - 1968)
 Yassir Arafat (b.1929)
Jacques Brel (1929 - 1978)
Ché Guevara (1928 - 1967)
Noam Chomsky (b.1928)
 Fidel Castro (b.1927)
 Michel Foucault (1926 - 1984)
Marilyn Monroe (1926 - 1962)
Malcolm X (1926 - 1965)
 Idi Amin (1925 - 2003)
Margaret Thatcher (b.1925)
 Peter Sellers (1925 - 1980)
B.B. King (b.1925)
Tony Hancock (1924 - 1968)
Marcel Marceau (b.1923)
Jack Kerouac (1923 - 1969)
Kingsley Amis (1922 - 1995)
Christiaan Barnard (b.1922)
Philip Larkin (1922 - 1985)
Eric Laithwaite (1921 - 1997)
Malcolm Arnold (b.1921)
Alexander Dubcek (1921 - 1992)
Tim Leary (1920 - 1996)
Doris Lessing (b.1919)
James Lovelock (b.1919)
Eva Perón 'Evita' (1919 - 1952)
 Nelson Mandela (b.1918)
 Ingmar Bergman (b.1918)
Alexander Solzhenitsyn (b.1918)
Leonard Bernstein (1918 - 1990)
 Indira Gandhi (1917 - 1984)
 Dizzy Gillespie (1917 - 1993)
Roald Dahl (1916 - 1990)
Moshe Dayan (1915 - 1981)
Arthur Miller (b.1915)
Frank Sinatra (b.1915)
Alec Guinness (b.1914)
Dylan Thomas (1914 - 1953)
Thor Heyerdahl (b.1914)
Benjamin Britten (1913 - 1976)
John Cage (1912 - 1992)
Jackson Pollock (1912 - 1956)
Woody Guthrie (1912 - 1967)
Milton Friedman (b.1912)
Alan Mathison Turing (1912 - 1954)
Ginger Rogers (b.1911)
Mother Theresa (1910 - 1997)
Victor Borge (1909 - 2000)
Stephane Grappelli (1908 - 1997)
Laurence Olivier (1907 - 1989)
Frank Whittle (b.1907)
W.H. Auden (1907 - 1973)
Hergé (1907 - 1983)
A.J.P. Taylor (1906 - 1990)
Shostakovich (1906 - 1975)
T.H. White (1906 - 1964)
Christian Dior (1905 - 1957)
Howard Hughes (1905 - 1976)
Jean-Paul Sartre (1905 - 1980)
Greta Garbo (1905 - 1990)
George Formby (1904 - 1961)
Salvador Dali (1904 - 1989)
Marlene Dietrich (1904 - 1992)
Glenn Miller (1904 - 1944)
Cecil Beaton (1904 - 1980)
J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904 - 1967)
George Orwell (1903 - 1950)
John Wyndham (1903 - 1969)
Bix Beiderbecke (1903 - 1931)
Aram Ilyich Khachaturian (1903 - 1978)
John Ernest Steinbeck (1902 - 1968)
Karl Popper (b.1902)
Felix Wankel (1902 - 1988)
Maurits Cornelis Escher (1902 - 1972)
Walt Disney (1901 - 1966)
Francis Chichester (1901 - 1972)
George Horace Gallup (1901 - 1984)
Louis Armstrong (1901 - 1971)		 Euro introduced (1999)

Dolly the Sheep cloned (1997)
1st women ordained in Church of England (1994)

Patent issued on 1st genetically engineered animal, the oncomouse (1992)

Channel Tunnel built (1990)
Nelson Mandela released from prison (1990)

Optical microprocessor developed (1988)

Mir space station launched (1986)
Band Aid concert (1985)
Internet established (c.1984)
Leprosy vaccine developed (1984)


AIDS diagnosed (1981)
1st space shuttle flight (1981)
Sony Walkman produced (1980)
 Solidarity founded (1980)
Gaia theory proposed (1979)
1st test-tube baby born (1978)

Punk movement started in London (1976)
Terracotta Army discovered in Xian, China (1974)
Sydney Opera House built (1973)
Bosporus Bridge built (1973)
World Trade Center built (1972 - 1973)
CAT scan developed (1972)
Christiania founded (1972)
Microprocessor developed (1971)
Greenpeace founded (1971)
Floppy disk developed (1970)
1st Moon landing (1969)
Open University founded (1969)
1st heart-transplant operation (1967)



Fax invented (1962)
The Beatles (1962 - 1970)
Coventry Cathedral built (1962)
1st space flight (1961)
1st laser constructed (1960)

 Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament founded (1958)
1st artificial satellite launched (1957)



DNA structure published (1953)
Polio vaccine developed (1953)
Heart-lung machine invented (1953)
Silicon chip developed (1953)
1st meeting of Bilderberg (1953)
Hillary and Tensing climb Mount Everest (1952)
National Health Service in UK founded (1948)
Holography invented (1948)
Carbon dating developed (1947)
Transistor invented (1947)
 British Rail founded (1947)

 International Court of Justice established (1945)
Ejector seat invented (1945)

Aqualung ('SCUBA') invented (1943)
1st nuclear reactor tested (1942)
 Gruinard Island in Scotland infected with anthrax (1942)
T-shirt developed (1942)


1st helicopter flight (1939)
Sutton Hoo discovered (1939)
1st working computer built (1938)
Nylon invented (1938)
Biro invented (1938)
Electro-convulsive therapy developed (1937)
Golden Gate Bridge built (1937)
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs - 1st feature-length animation (1937)
Polyethylene developed (1935)
Radar invented (1935)


Neutron discovered (1932)
Empire State Building built (1931)
Jet engine invented (1930)
Pluto discovered (1930)
Vatican City becomes sovereign state (1929)
Penicillin discovered (1928)
Mickey Mouse makes first appearance in Steamboat Willie (1928)
The Jazz Singer, 1st talking picture (1927)
Harlem Globetrotters founded (1927)
Fowler's Modern English Usage published (1926)
British Broadcasting Corporation founded (1926)
Television developed (1926)
Portmeirion built (1925 - 1975)

Sydney Harbour Bridge built (1923 - 1932)
1st Le Mans 24-Hour Race (1923)
Tutankhamen's tomb discovered (1922)
2LO London starts broadcasting (1922)

Bauhaus founded (1919)



Toc H founded (1915)
Panama Canal opened (1914)
Stainless steel invented (1913)
Cosmic radiation discovered (1912)
Piltdown Man discovered (1912)
Pravda founded (1912)
South Pole reached (1911)
1st Indianapolis 500 (1911)
1st Monte Carlo Rally (1911)
Superconductivity discovered (1911)
Machu Picchu discovered (1911)
North Pole reached (1909)
 Tel Aviv founded (1909)
 pH scale devised (1909)
Start of film industry in Hollywood (1907 - 1911)
Rolls-Royce Ltd founded in Derby (1906)

Diode valve invented (1904)
Aeroplane developed (1903)
1st Tour de France (1903)

Nobel Prizes 1st awarded (1901)
1900





































































1850





































































1801		 Boxer Rebellion (1900)
Boer Wars (1899 - 1902)
Golda Meir (1898 - 1978)
 Sudan War (1897 - 1898)
Oswald Mosely (1896 - 1980)
Jameson Raid (1896)
 Juan Perón (1895 - 1974)
 Dreyfus Affair (1894)
Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia (r.1894 - 1917)
Mao Tse-tung (1893 - 1976)
General Tito (1892 - 1980)
General Franco (1892 - 1975)
British defeated by Boers (1880 - 1881)
 Molotov (1890 - 1986)
 Battle of Wounded Knee (1890)
Adolf Hitler (1889 - 1945)
 Jack the Ripper active (1888)
National Geographic Society founded (1888)
 Chiang Kai-shek (1887 - 1975)
 Coca-Cola 1st produced (1886)
 Colombia becomes independent (1886)
3rd Reform Act in UK (1885)
Fabian Society founded (1884)
Benito Mussolini (1883 - 1945)
 John Maynard Keynes (1883 - 1946)
 Eruption of Krakatowa (1883)
Alexander III, Tsar of Russia (r.1881 - 1894)
 Telephone directory published in London (1880)
Joseph Stalin (1879 - 1953)
 Tay Bridge disaster (1879)
Battle of Rorke's Drift (1879)
Leon Trotsky (1879 - 1946)
 Saltpetre War (1879 - 1883)
Congress of Berlin (1878)
Pope Leo XIII (r.1878 - 1903)
 1st Wimbledon tournament (1877)
 Zulu War (1877)
Battle of Little Big Horn (1876)
Winston Churchill (1874 - 1965)
 Ballot Act (1872)
Trade Union Act (1871)
Rasputin (1871 - 1916)
 Franco-Prussian War (1870)
Education Act in UK (1870)
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (1870 - 1924)
Mahatma Gandhi (1869 - 1948)
 Cutty Sark built (1869)
 Trades Union Congress established (1868)
2nd Reform Act in UK (1867)
Fenian Uprising (1867)
Austro-Prussian War (1866)
Russians capture Tashkent (1865)
Abraham Lincoln assassinated (1865)
Salvation Army founded (1865)
 Slavery abolished in USA (1865)
David Lloyd George (1863 - 1945)
 Football Association founded (1863)
 US Civil War (1861 - 1865)
2nd Maori War (1860 - 1870)
Romania founded (1859)
John Hobson (1858 - 1940)
 Indian Mutiny (1857)
Treaty of Paris (1856)
Joseph John Thomson (1856 - 1940)
James Keir Hardie (1856 - 1915)
 Alexander II, Tsar of Russia (r.1855 - 1881)
 Charge of the Light Brigade (1854)
Crimean War (1854 - 1856)
Transvaal founded (1853)
Great Exhibition (1851)
 Factory Act in UK (1850)
Horatio Herbert Kitchener (1850 - 1916)
 Californian Gold Rush (1849)
Danish Constitution (1849)
Communist Manifesto published (1848)
 W.G. Grace (1848 - 1915)
 European revolutions (1848 - 1849)
Public Health Act in UK (1848)
Liberia founded (1847)
 Oregon Treaty (1846)
C.S. Parnell (1846 - 1891)
 Corn Laws repealed in UK (1846)
Pope Pius IX (r.1846 - 1878)
 Wilhelm Konrad von Röntgen (1845 - 1923)
 Irish Potato Famine (1845)
Karl Benz (1844 - 1929)
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844 - 1900)
 Railway Acts in UK (1844)
1st Maori War (1843 - 1847)
Webster Ashburn Treaty (1842)
Orange Free State founded (1842)
Prince Pyotr Alexeivich Kropotkin (1842 - 1921)
John Boyd Dunlop (1840 - 1921)
John D. Rockerfeller (1839 - 1937)
General Custer (1839 - 1876)
 Anti-Corn-Law League founded (1839)
Opium Wars (1839 - 1842)
Trail of Tears (1838 - 1839)
National Gallery in London opened (1838)
 Victoria (r.1837 - 1901)
 Birth and death registration in UK (1836)
Chartism movement (1836 - 1848)
Battle of the Alamo (1836)
 Tolpuddle Martyrs transported (1834)
New Poor Law in UK (1834)
Slavery abolished in UK (1834)
Hansom cab invented (1834)
 Houses of Parliament destroyed by fire (1834)
Slavery abolished in British Empire (1833)
Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi (1833)
British occupy Falkland Islands (1833)
General Charles Gordon (1833 - 1885)
Alfred Nobel (1833 - 1896)
 1st Reform Act in UK (1832)
Pope Gregory XVI (r.1831 - 1846)
 Venezuela becomes independent (1830)
Louis-Philippe, King of France (r.1830 - 1848)
Henri V, King of France (r.1830)
Louis XIX, King of France (r.1830)
William IV (r.1830 - 1837)
 William Booth (1829 - 1912)
Pope Pius VIII (r.1829 - 1831)
Uruguay becomes independent (1828)
Treaty of London (1827)
Battle of Navarine (1827)
Bolivia becomes independent (1825)
Stockton to Darlington Railway opened (1825)
 Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia (r.1825 - 1855)
Charles X, King of France (r.1824 - 1830)
 Combination Act repealed (1824)
Pope Leo XII (r.1823 - 1829)
Brazil becomes independent (1822)
Congress of Verona (1822)
Khartoum founded (1822)
 Greek War of Independence (1821 - 1830)
Peru becomes independent (1821)
Mexico becomes independent (1821)
Edward Thring (1821 - 1887)
 Cato Street Conspiracy (1820)
George IV (r.1820 - 1830)
 Friedrich Engels (1820 - 1895)
 Peterloo Massacre (1819)
 John Ruskin (1819 - 1900)
Jacques Offenbach (1819 - 1880)
 Singapore founded (1819)
 Karl Marx (1818 - 1883)
 Chile becomes independent (1818)
Derbyshire Rising (1817)
Argentina becomes independent (1816)
Paul Julius Reuter (1816 - 1899)
 Battle of Waterloo (1815)
Bismark (1815 - 1898)
 Corn Laws in England (1815 - 1846)
Louis XVIII, King of France (r.1815 - 1824)
 Congress of Vienna (1814 - 1815)
Mikhail Bakunin (1814 - 1876)
David Livingstone (1814 - 1873)
 Battle of Salamanca (1812)
Paraguay becomes independent (1811)
Luddites active (1811 - 1818)
William Gladstone (1809 - 1898)
 Peninsular War (1808 - 1814)
Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807 - 1882)
 End of Holy Roman Empire (1806)
 John Stuart Mill (1806 - 1873)
 Battle of Trafalgar (1805)
Benjamin Disraeli (1804 - 1881)
 Napoleonic War (1803 - 1815)
Ecuador becomes independent (1803)
Alexander I, Tsar of Russia (r.1801 - 1825)
 Union Jack adopted as flag of UK (1801)
Union of Great Britain and Ireland (1801)		 Jimmy Angel (1899 - 1956)
Fred Astaire (1899 - 1987)
Al Capone (1898 - 1947)
C.S. Lewis (1898 - 1963)
Rene Magritte (1898 - 1967)
Buster Keaton (1895 - 1966)
Carl Orff (1895 - 1982)
Robert Graves (1895 - 1985)
Rudolf Valentino (1895 - 1926)
Aldous Huxley (1894 - 1963)
Joan Miró (1893 - 1983)
J.R.R. Tolkien (1892 - 1973)
Darius Milhaud (1892 - 1974)
Max Ernst (1891 - 1976)
Sergey Prokofiev (1891 - 1963)
Charlie Chaplin (1889 - 1977)
John Logie Baird (1888 - 1946)
Irving Berlin (1888 - 1989)
D.H. Lawrence (1885 - 1930)
Niels Bohr (1885 - 1962)
Arthur Ransome (1884 - 1967)
Franz Kafka (1883 - 1924)
Clough Williams-Ellis (1883 - 1978)
Igor Stravinsky (1882 - 1971)
James Joyce (1882 - 1941)
Johann Strauss (1882 - 1971)
Hans Geiger (1882 - 1945)
Alexander Fleming (1881 - 1955)
Anna Pavlova (1881 - 1931)
P.G. Wodehouse (1881 - 1975)
Pablo Picasso (1881 - 1973)
Béla Bartók (1881 - 1945)
Leonard Woolley (1880 - 1960)
Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955)
Paul Klee (1879 - 1940)
John Masefield (1878 - 1967)
Hermann Hesse (1877 - 1962)
Mata Hari (1876 - 1917)
Carl Gustav Jung (1875 - 1961)
Arthur Mee (1875 - 1943)
Howard Carter (1874 - 1939)
W. Somerset Maugham (1874 - 1965)
Guglielmo Marconi (1874 - 1937)
Harry Houdini (1874 - 1926)
Walter de la Mare (1873 - 1956)
Bertrand Russell (1872 - 1970)
Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872 - 1958)
Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955)
Ernest Rutherford (1871 - 1937)
Rosa Luxemburg (1870 - 1919)
H.H. Munro 'Saki' (1870 - 1916)
Franz Lehár (1870 - 1948)
Henri Matisse (1869 - 1954)
Maxim Gorky (1868 - 1936)
Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868 - 1928)
Marie Curie (1867 - 1934)
H.G. Wells (1866 - 1946)
Wassily Kandinsky (1866 - 1944)
Erik Satie (1866 - 1925)
Jean Sibelius (1865 - 1957)
Rudyard Kipling (1865 - 1936)
Toulouse-Lautrec (1864 - 1901)
Casey Jones (1864 - 1900)
Richard Strauss (1864 - 1949)
Max Weber (1864 - 1920)
Henry Ford (1863 - 1947)
Claude Debussy (1862 - 1918)
Frederick Delius (1862 - 1934)
Alfred North Whitehead (1861 - 1947)
Anton Chekhov (1860 - 1904)
Gustav Mahler (1860 - 1911)
Jerome K. Jerome (1859 - 1927)
Georges Seurat (1859 - 1891)
Edwin Lutyens (1859 - 1944)
Arthur Conan Doyle (1859 - 1930)
Pierre Curie (1859 - 1906)
Giacomo Puccini (1858 - 1924)
Max Planck (1858 - 1947)
Edward Elgar (1857 - 1934)
Baden Powell (1857 - 1941)
Sigmund Freud (1856 - 1939)
George Bernard Shaw (1856 - 1950)
William Friese-Greene (1855 - 1921)
Oscar Wilde (1854 - 1900)
John Philip Sousa (1854 - 1932)
Arthur Rimbaud (1854 - 1891)
Vincent Van Gogh (1853 - 1890)
Wilhelm Ostwald (1853 - 1932)
Antoine Henri Becquerel (1852 - 1908)
Antonio Gaudi (1852 - 1926)
Robert Louis Stevenson (1850 - 1894)
John Hopkinson (1849 - 1898)
Paul Gauguin (1848 - 1903)
Thomas Edison (1847 - 1931)
Gabriel Fauré (1845 - 1924)
Rimsky-Korsakov (1844 - 1908)
Henri Rousseau (1844 - 1910)
Edvard Hagerup Grieg (1843 - 1907)
Arthur Sullivan (1842 - 1900)
William James (1842 - 1910)
Antonin Dvorak (1841 - 1904)
Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841 - 1919)
Emile Zola (1840 - 1902)
Thomas Hardy (1840 - 1928)
Auguste Rodin (1840 - 1917)
Claude Monet (1840 - 1926)
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840 - 1893)
George Cadbury (1839 - 1922)
Paul Cézanne (1839 - 1906)
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky (1839 - 1881)
Georges Bizet (1838 - 1875)
W.S. Gilbert (1836 - 1911)
James Tissot (1836 - 1902)
Mark Twain (1835 - 1910)
Camille Saint-Saëns (1835 - 1921)
Edgar Degas (1834 - 1917)
Mendeleyev (1834 - 1907)
James Abbott McNeill Whistler (1834 - 1903)
Johannes Brahms (1833 - 1897)
Lewis Carroll (1832 - 1898)
Gustave Doré (1832 - 1883)
Edouard Manet (1832 - 1883)
Gustave Eiffel (1832 - 1923)
Camille Pissarro (1831 - 1903)
John Everett Millais (1829 - 1896)
Chief Geronimo (1829 - 1909)
Jules Verne (1828 - 1905)
Count Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy (1828 - 1910)
William Holman Hunt (1827 - 1910)
Joseph Lister (1827 - 1912)
Georg Riemann (1826 - 1866)
Johann Strauss (1825 - 1899)
Bedrich Smetana (1824 - 1884)
William Thomson Kelvin (1824 - 1907)
Anton Bruckner (1824 - 1896)
John Evans (1823 - 1908)
Louis Pasteur (1822 - 1895)
Heinrich Schliemann (1822 - 1890)
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (1821 - 1881)
Ford Maddox Brown (1821 - 1893)
Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910)
John Tenniel (1820 - 1914)
Leon Foucault (1819 - 1868)
Gustave Courbet (1819 - 1877)
James Joule (1818 - 1889)
Charles François Gounod (1818 - 1893)
Austen Henry Layard (1817 - 1894)
Ada Lovelace (1815 - 1852)
George Boole (1814 - 1864)
Richard Wagner (1813 - 1883)
Giuseppe Verdi (1813 - 1901)
Kierkegaard (1813 - 1855)
Claude Bernard (1813 - 1878)
Charles Dickens (1812 - 1870)
Edward Lear (1812 - 1888)
Franz Liszt (1811 - 1886)
Frédéric Chopin (1810 - 1849)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809 - 1892)
Charles Darwin (1809 - 1882)
Mendelssohn (1809 - 1847)
Edgar Allen Poe (1809 - 1849)
Pierre Joseph Proudhon (1809 - 1865)
Thomas Cook (1808 - 1892)
Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806 - 1859)
Giuseppe Mazzini (1805 - 1872)
Hector Berlioz (1803 - 1869)
Alexandre Dumas (1802 - 1870)
Victor Hugo (1802 - 1885)
Gustav Fechner (1801 - 1887)
George Biddell Airy (1801 - 1892)
Karl Baedeker (1801 - 1859)		 Ayatollah Khomeini (1900 - 1989)
 Kurt Weill (1900 - 1950)
Noël Coward (1899 - 1973)
 Aspirin developed (1899)
 Clarice Cliff (1899 - 1972)
Alfred Hitchcock (1899 - 1980)
Duke Ellington (1899 - 1974)
 Radium discovered (1898)
 George Gershwin (1898 - 1937)
Bertold Brecht (1898 - 1956)
Henry Moore (1898 - 1986)
 Electron discovered (1897)
 Enid Blyton (1897 - 1968)
 Viruses discovered (1897)
Electric tram developed (1897)
Ernest Hemmingway (1896 - 1961)
Olympic Games resumed (1896)
 F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896 - 1940)
X-rays discovered (1895)
1st Promenade Concert in London (1895)
Wireless radio invented (1895)
Manchester Ship Canal opened (1894)
National Trust founded (1893)
 Oliver Hardy (1892 - 1957)
 Zip-fastener invented (1891)
 Stan Laurel (1890 - 1965)
 Ho Chi Minh (1890 - 1969)
 Agatha Christie (1890 - 1976)
Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889 - 1951)
Jean Cocteau (1889 - 1963)
Movie camera invented (1888)
Port Sunlight founded (1888)
 T.S. Eliot (1888 - 1965)
Rupert Brooke (1887 - 1915)
 Eiffel Tower built (1889)
Linotype invented (1886)
Siegfried Sassoon (1886 - 1967)
Arthur Ransome (1884 - 1967)
Virginia Woolf (1882 - 1941)
 Forth Rail Bridge built (1882 - 1890)
 A. A. Milne (1882 - 1956)
Cecil B. de Mille (1881 - 1959)
Alfred Noyes (1880 - 1958)
Alfred Wegener (1880 - 1930)
Bournville founded (1879)
Dewey decimal system devised (1876)
Telephone invented (1876)
 Jack London (1876 - 1916)
Edgar Rice Burroughs (1875 - 1950)
Maurice Ravel (1875 - 1937)
 Gelignite invented (1875)
Alexandra Palace in London built (1875)
 Ernest Shackleton (1874 - 1922)
L. M. Montgomery (1874 - 1942)
W. Somerset Maugham (1874 - 1965)
 Gramophone invented (1874)
 Gertrude Stein (1874 - 1946)
Gustav Holst (1874 - 1934)
G. K. Chesterton (1874 - 1936)
Sergei Rachmaninov (1873 - 1943)
Roald Amundsen (1872 - 1928)
Marcel Proust (1871 - 1922)
Rubber condom invented (1871)
Remains of Troy discovered (1870)
 Hilaire Belloc (1870 - 1953)
Josef Hoffmann (1870 - 1956)
Frederick Matthias Alexander (1869 - 1955)
 Typewriter invented (1868)
 Robert Falcon Scott (1868 - 1912)
John Galsworthy (1867 - 1933)
 Dynamite invented (1867)
 Beatrix Potter (1866 - 1943)
H.G. Wells (1866 - 1946)
Baroness Orczy (1865 - 1947)
W.B. Yeats (1865 - 1939)
Anthony Hope (Hawkins) (1863 - 1933)
Edvard Munch (1863 - 1944)
Gustav Klimt (1862 - 1918)
J.M. Barrie (1860 - 1937)
Suez Canal built (1859 - 1869)
 Kenneth Grahame (1859 - 1932)
 Beeton's Household Management published (1859)
 Emmeline Pankhurst (1858 - 1928)
Rudolf Diesel (1858 - 1913)
1st Atlantic cable laid (1858)
 E. Nesbitt (1858 - 1924)
 Gray's Anatomy published (1858)
 Joseph Conrad (1857 - 1924)
Rider Haggard (1856 - 1925)
Lillie Langtry (1853 - 1929)
 Bunsen burner invented (1853)
 Cecil Rhodes (1853 - 1902)
 1st controlled flight in England (1853)
Gyroscope invented (1852)
Alois Jirasek (1851 - 1930)
Crystal Palace built (1851)
 Jesse Boot (1850 - 1931)
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849 - 1936)
Frances Hodgson Burnett (1849 - 1924)
Vilfredo Pareto (1848 - 1923)
 Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood formed (1848)
 Bram Stoker (1847 - 1912)
Alexander Graham Bell (1847 - 1922)
Peter Carl Fabergé (1846 - 1920)
 Smithsonian Institute founded (1846)
Saxophone invented (1846)
Ether used as dental anaesthetic (1846)
Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844 - 1889)
Henry James (1843 - 1916)
Postage stamp invented (1840)
Bicycle invented (1839)
 Alfred Sisley (1839 - 1899)
London University founded (1836)
 Mrs Beeton (1836 - 1865)
 Léo Delibes (1836 - 1891)
Samuel Butler (1835 - 1902)
 Telegraph invented (1835)
William Morris (1834 - 1896)
Chief Sitting Bull (c.1834 - 1893)
Alexander Borodin (1833 - 1887)
Louisa May Alcott (1832 - 1888)
William Crookes (1832 - 1919)
Dynamo invented (1831)
Chloroform discovered (1831)
Magnetic North Pole discovered (1831)
 Christina Rossetti (1830 - 1894)
 Sewing machine invented (1830)
Stephenson's Rocket wins Rainhill Trial (1829)
Aluminium discovered (1828)
 Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828 - 1882)
Henrick Johan Ibsen (1828 - 1906)
 London Zoo opened (1828)
Ohm's Law published (1827)
 Johanna Spyri (1827 - 1901)
Wilkie Collins (1824 - 1889)
Thomas Hughes (1824 - 1910)
Photography invented (1822)
 Gustave Flaubert (1821 - 1880)
Charles Baudelaire (1821 - 1867)
Anna Sewell (1820 - 1878)
Anne Bronte (1820 - 1849)
George Eliot (1819 - 1880)
Herman Melville (1819 - 1891)
Charles Kingsley (1819 - 1875)
 Stethoscope invented (1819)
Electro-magnetism discovered (1819)
 Emily Bronte (1818 - 1848)
Henry David Thoreau (1817 - 1862)
 Rolled gold developed in Birmingham (1817)
 Charlotte Bronte (1816 - 1855)
Anthony Trollope (1815 - 1882)
 Metronome invented (1815)
Grimms' Fairy Tales compiled (1812 - 1815)
 Robert Browning (1812 - 1889)
 Mohs' Scale devised (1812)
 William Makepeace Thackeray (1811 - 1863)
Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 - 1896)
Food canning invented (1810)
 Elizabeth Gaskell (1810 - 65)
Louis Braille (1809 - 1852)
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807 - 1882)
Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806 - 1861)
Hans Christian Andersen (1805 - 1875)
 Beaufort Scale devised (1805)
 Richard Cobden (1804 - 1865)
Bulwer-Lytton (1803 - 1873)
Cuneiform writing deciphered (1802)
 Edwin Landseer (1802 - 1873)
 Steam locomotion developed (1801)
Punch-card loom invented (1801)
1800





































































1750





































































1701		 Pope Pius VII (r.1800 - 1823)

Combination Act introduced in UK (1799)

Income tax introduced in UK (1799)

Napoleon invades Egypt (1798)

Ceylon occupied by British (1796)

Paul, Tsar of Russia (r.1796 - 1801)

French Revolutionary War (1792 - 1802)

French Revolution (1789)

US Constitution (1789)

Sydney founded (1788)
Robert Peel (1788 - 1850)
Her Majesty's Stationery Office founded (1786)

Louis XVII, King of France in exile (1785 - 1795)
Treaty of Versailles (1783)

Stamford Raffles (1781 - 1826)
Highland clearances in Scotland (c.1780 - 1860)

Gordon Riots (1778)

American Declaration of Independence (1776)

US War of Independence (1775 - 1781)

Lisbon destroyed by earthquake (1775)

Pope Pius VI (r.1775 - 1800)
Louis XVI, King of France (r.1774 - 1792)
Boston Tea-Party (1773)
London Stock Exchange founded (1773)

Robert Owen (1771 - 1858)
Napoleon Bonaparte (1769 - 1821)
1st Duke of Wellington (1769 - 1852)

 Pope Clement XIV (r.1769 - 1775)
Christie's founded (1766)

Catherine II 'the Great', Tsarina of Russia (r.1762 - 1796)
Peter III, Tsar of Russia (r.1762)

George III (r.1760 - 1820)

Admiral Horatio Nelson (1758 - 1805)

 Pope Clement XIII (r.1758 - 1769)
Black Hole of Calcutta (1756)

Seven Years War (1756 - 1763)

Marie Antoinette (1755 - 1793)
Capital punishment in Russia replaced by exile to Siberia (1753)

Turnpike Acts in UK (1751 - 1772)

Battle of Culloden (1746)

2nd Jacobite Rebellion (1745)

Elizabeth, Tsarina of Russia (r.1741 - 1762)
Battle of Cartagena (1741)

War of Austrian Succession (1740 - 1748)

Ivan VI, Tsar of Russia (r.1740 - 1741)

 Pope Benedict XIV (r.1740 - 1758)

Wesley founds Methodist Church (1739)

George Washington (1732 - 1799)
Captain James Cook (1731 - 1779)
Anna Ivanova, Tsarina of Russia (r.1730 - 1740)

 Pope Clement XII (r.1730 - 1740)
Peter II, Tsar of Russia (r.1727 - 1730)

George II (r.1727 - 1760)

Clive of India (1725 - 1774)
Catherine I, Tsarina of Russia (r.1725 - 1727)
Ahmad Shah Durrani (1724 - 1773)

Pope Benedict XIII (r.1724 - 1730)

Pope Innocent XIII (r.1721 - 1724)

South Sea Bubble (1720)

Charles Edward Stuart 'the Young Pretender' or 'Bonnie Prince Charlie' (1720 - 1788)

Louis XV, King of France (r.1715 - 1774)

1st Jacobite Rebellion (1715)

George I (r.1714 - 1727)



Treaty of Utrecht (1713)

South Sea Company founded (1711)

Union of Scotland (1707)

Benjamin Franklin (1706 - 1790)

Earthquake in Tokyo (1703)

1st Eddystone lighthouse destroyed by storm (1703)

St. Petersburg founded (1703)
Anne (r.1702 - 1714)
War of Spanish Succession (1701 - 1714)

 John Brown (1800 - 1859)
Alexander Pushkin (1799 - 1837)
Eugène Delacroix (1798 - 1863)
Franz Schubert (1797 - 1828)
Mary Shelley (1797 - 1851)
Joseph Henry (1797 - 1878)
Jim Bowie (1796 - 1836)
John Keats (1795 - 1821)
Rowland Hill (1795 - 1879)
Thomas Carlyle (1795 - 1881)
Thomas Arnold (1795 - 1842)
John Clare (1793 - 1864)
Feargus O'Connor (1794 - 1855)
Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792 - 1822)
Charles Babbage (1792 - 1871)
Gioachino Rossini (1792 - 1868)
William Burke (1792 - 1829)
Michael Faraday (1791 - 1867)
Samuel Morse (1791 - 1872)
John Austin (1790 - 1859)
Theodore Hook (1788 - 1841)
George Gordon Byron (1788 - 1824)
Louis Daguerre (1787 - 1851)
Georg Simon Ohm (1787 - 1854)
Samuel Cunard (1787 - 1865)
Shaka Zulu (1787 - 1828)
Bertrand de Born (1786 - 1837)
Carl Weber (1786 - 1826)
Davy Crockett (1786 - 1836)
Wilhelm Karl Grimm (1786 - 1859)
Jakob Ludwig Karl Grimm (1785 - 1863)
Thomas Love Peacock (1785 - 1866)
Henry John Temple Palmerston (1784 - 1865)
Simon Bolivar (1783 - 1830)
 Niccolo Paganini (c.1782 - 1840)
Siméon Denis Poisson (1781 - 1840)
Elizabeth Fry (1780 - 1845)
Peter Mark Roget (1779 - 1869)
Joseph Grimaldi (1779 - 1837)
Humphrey Davy (1778 - 1829)
Ambrosio O'Higgins (1778 - 1842)
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1778 - 1850)
Karl Friedrich Gauss (1777 - 1855)
John Constable (1776 - 1837)
E.T.A. Hoffman (1776 - 1822)
John Dalton (1776 - 1844)
André Marie Ampère (1775 - 1836)
Jane Austen (1775 - 1817)
Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775 - 1851)
Friedrich Mohs (1773 - 1839)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772 - 1834)
François Charles Marie Fourier (1772 - 1837)
David Ricardo (1772 - 1823)
Richard Trevithick (1771 - 1833)
Walter Scott (1771 - 1832)
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 - 1827)
William Wordsworth (1770 - 1850)
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770 - 1831)
Johann Holderlin (1770 - 1843)
William Smith (1769 - 1839)
Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768 - 1830)
John Crome (1768 - 1821)
Henri Christophe (1767 - 1820)
Thomas Malthus (1766 - 1834)
Charles Macintosh (1766 - 1843)
Emma Hamilton (1765 - 1815)
Thomas Minton (1765 - 1836)
Ann Radcliffe (1764 - 1823)
William Cobbett (1763 - 1835)
Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762 - 1814)
Madame Tussaud (1761 - 1850)
Comte de Saint-Simon (1760 - 1825)
Luigi Cherubini (1760 1842)
Johann von Schiller (1759 - 1805)
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759 - 1797)
Robert Burns (1759 - 1796)
William Wilberforce (1759 - 1833)
Robespierre (1758 - 1794)
William Blake (1757 - 1827)
Thomas Rowlandson (1757 - 1827)
Thomas Telford (1757 - 1834)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756 - 1791)
John McAdam (1756 - 1836)
William Godwin (1756 - 1836)
Thomas Coke (1754 - 1842)
Samuel Crompton (1753 - 1827)
John Nash (1752 - 1835)
Thomas Chatterton (1752 - 1770)
Joseph-Marie Jacquard (1752 - 1834)
 James Madison (1751 - 1836)
 Edward Jenner (1749 - 1823)
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749 - 1832)
Jeremy Bentham (1748 - 1832)
Johann Elert Bode (1747 - 1826)
Goya (1746 - 1828)
Jacques Charles (1746 - 1823)
Alessandro Volta (1745 - 1827)
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743 - 1794)
Luigi Boccherini (1743 - 1805)
Johann David Wyss (1743 - 1818)
Edmund Cartwright (1743 - 1823)
Jean Paul Marat (1743 - 1793)
 Thomas Jefferson (1743 - 1826)
 Meyer Amschel Rothschild (1743 - 1812)
Arthur Young (1741 - 1820)
Henry Cort (1740 - 1800)
James Boswell (1740 - 1795)
Marquis de Sade (1740 - 1814)
William Herschel (1738 - 1822)
Edward Gibbon (1737 - 1794)
Thomas Paine (1737 - 1809)
Luigi Galvani (1737 - 1798)
James Watt (1736 - 1819)
Robert Raikes (1735 - 1811)
Friedrich Anton Mesmer (1733 - 1815)
Daniel Boone (1734 - 1820)
Pierre Beaumarchais (1732 - 1799)
Franz Joseph Haydn (1732 - 1809)
Richard Arkwright (1732 - 1792)
Jean Honoré Fragonard (1732 - 1806)
Henry Cavendish (1731 - 1810)
William Cowper (1731 - 1800)
Richard Hargreaves (d.1778)
Josiah Wedgwood (1730 - 1795)
Joseph Black (1728 - 1799)
Oliver Goldsmith (1728 - 1774)
Thomas Gainsborough (1727 - 1788)
Robert Bakewell (1725 - 1795)
Casanova de Seingalt (1725 - 1798)
Immanuel Kant (1724 - 1804)
George Stubbs (1724 - 1806)
Richard Price (1723 - 1791)
Adam Smith (1723 - 1790)
Joshua Reynolds (1723 - 1792)
William Blackstone (1723 - 1780)
Paul Holbach (1723 - 1789)
Pontiac (c.1720 - 1769)
Thomas Chippendale (1718 - 1779)
Horace Walpole (1717 - 1797)
John Metcalfe (1717 - 1810)
Thomas Gray (1716 - 1761)
Capability Brown (1715 - 1783)
Christoph Willibald von Gluck (1714 - 1787)
Laurence Sterne (1713 - 1768)
Denis Diderot (1713 - 1784)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712 - 1778)
Francesco Guardi (1712 - 1793)
Edward Lloyd (d.1726)
David Hume (1711 - 1776)
Lomonosov (1711 - 1765)
Dr. Samuel Johnson (1709 - 1784)
Hannah Glasse (1708 - 1770)
Leonhard Euler (1707 - 1783)
Henry Fielding (1707 - 1754)
Dick Turpin (1706 - 1739)
John Kay (1704 - 1764)
John Wesley (1703 - 1791)
François Boucher (1703 - 1770)
Thomas Bayes (1702 - 1761)		 Electric battery invented (1800)
Rosetta Stone found (1799)

Lithography invented (1796)
Vaccination developed (1796)
Semaphore invented (1794)
Cotton gin invented (1793)
White House in Washington (USA) built (1792)
Gaslight invented (1792)
Titanium discovered (1791)
Ordnance Survey established (1791)
Metric system devised (1790)

Uranium discovered (1789)

Digitalis used to treat heart disease (1785)

Cast-iron ploughshare patented (1785)

Power loom invented (1784)

1st hot-air balloon flight (1783)

Uranus discovered (1781)

Ironbridge built (1779)
1st iron-hulled boat built in Yorkshire (1777)

1st St. Leger horse race (1776)

Oxygen discovered (1774)

Steam engine invented (1769)

Encyclopedia Britannica published (1768)

Hydrogen discovered (1766)

1st successful appendectomy performed (1763)
Veterinary School established in Lyon (1762)
Cambridge University Botanic Garden founded (1761)
Kew Gardens founded (1759)


Carbon dioxide discovered (1755)
1st English dictionary published (1755)
Liverpool Town Hall built (1754)
British Museum founded (1753)
British Library founded (1753)





Sugar extracted from beet in Prussia (1747)







Celsius invents thermometer (1742)






Flying shuttle invented (1733)


Sextant invented (1731)

Tull's The New Horse-Hoeing Husbandry published (1731)



Chambers' Cyclopedia published (1728)










Cork Harbour Club founded (1720)






Freemasons' Grand Lodge established in London (1717)





St. Paul's Cathedral in London completed (1711)



Coke-fired blast furnace developed (1709)





Yale University founded (1701)

1700





































































1650





































































1601

Northern War (1700 - 1721)
Pope Clement XI (r.1700 - 1721)
Treaty of Karlowitz (1699)

Royal Board of Trade established (1696)

Window tax introduced in England (1695)

Bank of Scotland founded (1695)

 William III (r.1694 - 1702)
Bank of England founded (1694)

Massacre of Glencoe (1692)

Salem witch trials (1692)

Port Royal, Jamaica, destroyed by earthquake (1692)

Pope Innocent XII (r.1691 - 1700)
Battle of the Boyne (1690)

Advocates' Library in Edinburgh founded (1789)
Peter I 'the Great', Tsar of Russia (r.1689 - 1725)
William and Mary (r.1689 - 1694)
Pope Alexander VIII (r.1689 - 1691)
James Edward Stuart 'the Old Pretender' (1688 - 1766)

Glorious Revolution (1688)

Bloody Assizes (1685)

Monmouth's rebellion (1685)

James II (r.1685 - 1688)

Pennsylvania founded (1682)
Peter I and Ivan V, Tsars of Russia (r.1682 - 1696)
Last dodo killed (1681)

Vitus Bering (1680 - 1741)
Popish Plot (1678)

Theodore III, Tsar of Russia (r.1676 - 1682)
 Pope Innocent XI (r.1676 - 1689)
3rd Anglo-Dutch War (1672 - 1674)

Peter the Great of Russia (1672 - 1725)
Fall of Mali Empire (1670)

Hudson Bay Company founded (1670)
Pope Clement X (r.1670 - 1676)
End of Hanseatic League (1669)

Pope Clement IX (r.1667 - 1670)

Start of Alawi Dynasty in Morocco (1666)
 Fire of London (1666)

Plague in England (1665)

2nd Anglo-Dutch War (1665 - 1667)

Royal African Company founded (1663)

Charles II (r.1660 - 1685)
Pope Alexander VII (r.1655 - 1667)
British capture Jamaica (1655)

Cape Town founded (1652)

Act of Settlement (1652)

1st Anglo-Dutch War (1652 - 1654)


 Commonwealth (1649 - 1660)
Diggers active (1649 - 1650)
Levellers active (1647 - 1649)

Battle of Naseby (1645)
Alexis, Tsar of Russia (r.1645 - 1676)
Start of Chinese Ching Dynasty (1644)
Pope Innocent X (r.1644 - 1655)
New England Confederation (1643)
Louis XIV, King of France (r.1643 - 1715)
English Civil War (1642 - 1649)

1st meeting of the Long Parliament (1640)


Ottomans capture Baghdad (1638)



Boston, Massachusetts founded (1630)

New Amsterdam founded (1626)
Charles I (r.1625 - 1649)
Pope Urban VIII (r.1623 - 1644)
Pope Gregory XV (r.1621 - 1623)
Gold Coast slave trade (1620 - 1701)
Battle of the White Mountain (1620)
Mayflower sails to America (1620)
Thirty Years War (1618 - 1648)

Hussite Revolt (1618)

Michael Romanov, Tsar of Russia (r.1613 - 1645)
Louis XIII, King of France (r.1610 - 1643)
 Plantation of Ulster (1609)
Quebec founded (1608)
Jamestown founded (1607)
Tahiti discovered (1607)
 Basil IV, Tsar of Russia (r.1606 - 1610)
Gunpowder Plot (1605)
Dimitri III, Tsar of Russia (r.1605 - 1606)
Theodore II, Tsar of Russia (r.1605)
 Pope Paul V (r.1605 - 1621)
Pope Leo XI (r.1605)
Tomsk founded (1604)
Unification of England and Scotland (1603)
James I (r.1603 - 1625)

William Hogarth (1697 - 1764)

Antonio Canaletto (1697 - 1768)

Richard Boyle Burlington (1695 - 1753)

Voltaire (1694 - 1778)
James Bradley (1693 - 1762)

Samuel Richardson (1689 - 1761)
Montesquieu (1689 - 1755)
Alexander Pope (1688 - 1744)
Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686 - 1736)

John Gay (1685 - 1732)
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 - 1750)
Georg Friedrich Handel (1685 - 1759)
George Berkeley (1685 - 1753)

Jean-Antoine Watteau (1684 - 1721)

Georg Philipp Telemann (1681 - 1767)
Antonio Vivaldi (1678 - 1741)

Abraham Darby (1677 - 1717)

Alexander Selkirk (1676 - 1721)

Nicholas Rowe (1674 - 1718)
Charles 'Turnip' Townshend (1674 - 1738)
Jethro Tull (1674 - 1741)


Richard Steele (1672 - 1729)
Joseph Addison (1672 - 1719)

Rob Roy (1671 - 1734)

William Congreve (1670 - 1729)

Jonathan Swift (1667 - 1745)

Johann Christoph Pepusch (1667 - 1752)

Thomas Newcomen (1663 - 1729)


Daniel Defoe (1660 - 1731)

Hans Sloane (1660 - 1753)

Alessandro Scarlatti (1660 - 1725)

Henry Purcell (1659 - 1695)



Edmund Halley (1656 - 1742)

Johann Pachelbel (1653 - 1706)

Francois Fénelon (1651 - 1715)

Nell Gwyn (1651 - 1687)

Thomas Savery (c.1650 - 1715)

Titus Oates (1649 - 1705)

Robert Barclay (1648 - 1690)
Grinling Gibbons (1648 - 1721)

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646 - 1716)

William 'Captain' Kidd (c.1645 - 1701)

Antonio Stradivari (1644 - 1737)

William Penn (1644 - 1718)



Isaac Newton (1642 - 1727)

Aphra Behn (1640 - 1689)
Jean Racine (1639 - 1699)
Nicholas Malebranche (1638 - 1715)
Meindert Hobbema (1638 - 1709)

Robert Hooke (1635 - 1703)
Henry Morgan (c.1635 - 1688)
George Etherege (c.1635 - 1691)

Samuel Pepys (1633 - 1703)
Luca Giordano (1632 - 1705)
Benedict Spinoza (1632 - 1677)
Jan Vermeer (1632 - 1675)
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632 - 1723)
John Locke (1632 - 1704)
Christopher Wren (1632 - 1723)
John Dryden (1631 - 1700)

Christiaan Huygens (1629 - 1693)
Charles Perrault (1628 - 1703)
John Bunyan (1628 - 1688)
Robert Boyle (1627 - 1691)
Jan Steen (1626 - 1679)
Paul Potter (1625 - 1654)
George Fox (1624 - 1691)

Blaise Pascal (1623 - 1662)
Moliere (1622 - 1673)
Henry Vaughan (1622 - 1695)
Jean de La Fontaine (1621 - 1695)
Albert Cuyp (1620 - 1691)

Savinien de Cyrano de Bergerac (1619 - 1655)


John Lilburne (c.1614 - 1657)

Gerrard Winstanley (c.1609 - 1660)

John Milton (1608 - 1674)

Rembrandt van Rijn (1606 - 1669)

Abel Tasman (1603 - 1659)

Alonso Cano (1601 - 1667)

Pierre de Fermat (1601 - 1665)

Pianoforte invented (c.1700)
1st Eddystone lighthouse built (1699)




Steam pump invented (1696)
















Chatsworth built (1687 - 1707)


Belton House built (1684)



Ragley Hall built (1680)

Leibniz develops binary arithmetic (1679)


Royal Greenwich Observatory founded (1675)


St. Paul's, London, built (1675)

Integral calculus devised by Leibniz (1675)





Differential calculus devised by Newton (1666)







1st coffee house in London opened (1652)



1st chemistry laboratory built at Leiden University (1650)


Society of Friends (Quakers) founded (1648)









Barometer invented (1642)







Harvard University founded (1636)

Postal service begins in Britain (1635)

Covent Garden Market in London opened (1634)

Taj Mahal built (1632)

1st observatory built in Leiden (1632)








Oxford University Botanic Gardens founded (1621)

Submarine invented (1620)



Slide rule invented (1615)

Logarithms developed (1614)

King James Version of Bible published (1611)

Tea introduced to Europe (c.1610)


Telescope invented (1608)


Hatfield House built (1607 - 1611)





Bodlean Library founded (1602)

1600





































































1550





































































1501		 Linköping Massacre (1600)

British East India Company founded (1600)

Oliver Cromwell (1599 - 1658)

Boris Godunov, Tsar of Russia (r.1598 - 1605)
Irina, Tsarina of Russia (r.1598)

Pope Clement VIII (r.1592 - 1605)
Moroccans capture Timbuktu (1591)

Pope Innocent IX (r.1591 - 1592)
Pope Gregory XIV (r.1590 - 1591)
Pope Urban VIII (r.1590)
Henri IV, King of France (r.1589 - 1610)
Spanish Armada defeated by English (1588)

Pope Sixtus V (r.1585 - 1590)
Theodore I, Tsar of Russia (r.1584 - 1598)

 Throckmorton Plot (1583)
Gregorian Calendar introduced (1582)

Henri III, King of France (r.1574 - 1589)


Massacre of the Huguenots (1572)

Poor Law introduced in England (1572)

Pope Gregory XIII (r.1572 - 1585)
Ridolfi Plot (1571)

Battle of Lepanto (1571)

Rio de Janeiro founded (1567)
James VI, King of Scotland (r.1567 - 1625)
Caracus founded (1567)
Pope St. Pius V (r.1566 - 1572)

Wars of Religion in France (1562 - 1598)

Charles IX, King of France (r.1560 - 1574)

François II, King of France (r.1559 - 1560)

 Pope Pius IV (r.1559 - 1566)

Elizabeth I (r.1558 - 1603)
England loses Calais (1557)

Peace of Augsburg (1555)

Pope Paul IV (r.1555 - 1559)
Pope Marcellus II (r.1555)

Mary (r.1553 - 1558)

Lady Jane Grey (r.1553)

Pope Julius III (r.1550 - 1555)

Edward VI (r.1549 - 1553)
Henri II, King of France (r.1547 - 1559)


Mary, Queen of Scotland (r.1542 - 1567)
Francis Drake (1540 - 1592)
Spanish conquer Incas (1539)

Bogota founded (1537)
Pilgrimage of Grace (1536)

Russia captures Astrakhan (1536)

Buenos Aires founded (1536)
Reformation in England (1534)

Society of Jesuits founded (1534)

 Pope Paul III (r.1534 - 1550)
Cartagena founded (1533)

Ivan the Terrible, Tsar of Russia (1530 - 1584) (r.1547 - 1584)

Walter Raleigh (1527 - 1618)
Battle of Mohács (1526)

Battle of Pavia (1525)

Peasant War in Germany (1524 - 1525)

Pope Clement VII (r.1523 - 1534)
Pope Adrian VI (r.1522 - 1523)

Fall of the Aztecs (1519)

1st smallpox epidemic in Caribbean (1518)

François I, King of France (r.1515 - 1547)
Battle of Flodden (1513)

James V, King of Scotland (r.1513 - 1542)

 Pope Leo X (r.1513 - 1522)
Henry VIII (r.1509 - 1549)

Pope Julius II (r.1503 - 1513)
Pope Pius III (r.1503)
Golden Hoard defeated (1502)
Montezuma II (r.1502 - 1520)

Claude Lorrain (1600 - 1682)

Velázquez (1599 - 1660)

Anthony Van Dyck (1599 - 1641)

Rene Descartes (1596 - 1650)

Pocahontas (c.1595 - 1617)

Nicolas Poussin (1594 - 1665)

George Herbert (1593 - 1633)

Izaak Walton (1593 - 1683)

Robert Herrick (1591 - 1674)


Thomas Hobbes (1588 - 1679)

John Ford (1586 - 1640)

Orlando Gibbons (1583 - 1625)
Hugo Grotius (1583 - 1645)

Willebrord Snell (1581 - 1626)
John Smith (1580 - 1631)
Pierre Vernier (1580 - 1637)
John Webster (c.1580 - 1634)

William Harvey (1578 - 1657)

Peter Paul Rubens (1577 - 1640)

Johann Valentin Andreae (?)

William Oughtred (1575 - 1660)

Caravaggio (1573 - 1610)

Inigo Jones (1573 - 1652)

John Donne (1572 - 1631)

Ben Jonson (1572 - 1637)

Johann Kepler (1571 - 1630)

Tirso de Molina (c.1571 - 1648)

Thomas Middleton (c.1570 - 1627)

Guy Fawkes (1570 - 1606)

Hans Lippershey (c.1570 - 1619)

Jan Brueghel (1568 - 1625)

Claudio Monteverdi  (1567 - 1643)

Richard Burbage (c.1567 - 1619)

Christopher Marlowe (1564 - 1593)

William Shakespeare (1564 - 1616)

Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642)

Pieter Brueghel the Younger (1564 - 1638)

Francis Bacon (1561 - 1626)

James Crichton (1560 - 1582)


Thomas Kyd (c.1557 - 1595)


Edmund Spenser (c.1552 - 1599)

John Napier (1550 - 1617)

Giordano Bruno (1548 - 1600)

Miguel de Cervantes (1547 - 1616)

Tycho Brahe (1546 - 1601)

Henry Stuart Darnley (1545 - 1567)

William Gilbert (1544 - 1603)

William Byrd (1543 - 1623)

El Greco (1542 - 1614)

St. John of the Cross (1542 - 1591)

Joseph Scaliger (1540 - 1609)



Robert Smythson (1535 - 1614)

Michel Eyquem de Montaigne (1533 - 1592)

David Rizzio (1533 - 1566)

Jean Bodin (1530 - 1596)

Paolo Veronese (1528 - 1588)

John Dee (1527 - 1608)

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (c.1525 - 1594)

Pieter Brueghel the Elder (c.1525 - 1569)

Gabriello Falloppio (1523 - 1562)

Catherine de' Medici (1519 - 1589)

Tintoretto (1518 - 1594)

Jean Goujon (c.1515 - 1568)
St. Teresa (1515 - 1582)

Gerardus Mercator (1512 - 1594)

Giorgio Vasari (1511 - 1574)

Ambroise Paré (1510 - 1590)

John Calvin (1509 - 1564)

Andrea Palladio (1508 - 1580)

John Knox (c.1505 - 1572)

Thomas Tallis (c.1505 - 1585)

Nicholas Udall (1504 - 1556)

Francesco Parmgianino (1503 - 1540)

 Microscope invented (c.1600)

Globe Theatre in London built (1599)






Remains of Pompeii discovered (1594)




Hardwick Hall built (1590)




Burghley House built (1587)





Uppingham School founded (1584)



Edinburgh University founded (1582)













Theodolite invented (1571)


Mercator projection devised (1568)

Old Curiosity Shop built (1567)

Rugby School founded (1567)




Sheep-gut condom invented (1563)
















Trigonometrical tables published (1550)


































St. Peter's, Rome built (1520)






Martin Luther nailed his theses to church door (1517)
Utopia published (1516)

Camera Obscura described by da Vinci (1515)

Hampton Court Palace built (1514)



St. Paul's School, London, founded (1509)

Althorp built (1508)


St. Peter's Cathedral, Rome, built (1506 - 1626)

Royal College of Surgeons in Edinburgh founded (1505)
1500





































































1450





































































1401		 Peace of Basle (1499)

Louis XII, King of France (r.1498 - 1515)

Suleiman (1494 - 1566)
Columbus sails west (1492)
Fall of Grenada (1492)

Pope Alexander VI (r.1492 - 1503)

James IV, King of Scotland (r.1488 - 1513)

Hernando Cortes (1485 - 1547)

Henry VII (r.1485 - 1509)

 Battle of Bosworth (1485)

Pope Innocent (r.1484 - 1492)

Richard III (r.1483 - 1485)
Charles VIII, King of France (r.1483 - 1498)

Edward V (r.1483)
Spanish Inquisition founded (1480)

Plague in England (1479)

Cesare Borgia (1476 - 1507)
Cardinal Wolsey (1475 - 1530)

Tupac Inca (1471 - 1493)

Pope Sixtus IV (r.1471 - 1484)
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469 - 1527)


 Pope Paul II (r.1464 - 1471)

Louis XI, King of France (r.1461 - 1483)

Edward IV (r.1461 - 1483)
James III, King of Scotland (r.1460 - 1488)

 Pope Pius II (r.1458 - 1464)
Battle of Belgrade (1456)
Wars of the Roses (1455 - 1485)
Pope Callistus III (r.1455 - 1458)

Start of Ottoman Empire (1453)
Fall of Byzantine Empire (1453)
Turks capture Constantinople (1453)

Christopher Columbus (1451 - 1506)
Lorenzo de Medici (1449 - 1492)
Pope Nicholas V (r.1447 - 1455)

Tradesmen's riots in Norwich (1443)

Vlad the Impaler (?)


Pachacutec Inca Yupanqui (1438 - 1471)
James II, King of Scotland (r.1437 - 1460)


Tuareg capture Timbuktu (1433)

Amerigo Vespucci (1431 - 1512)

 Pope Eugene IV (r.1431 - 1447)
John Cabot (1430 - 1498)
Earl of Warwick 'King-maker' (1428 - 1471)



Henry VI (r.1422 - 1461)
Charles VII, King of France (r.1422 - 1461)
Hussite Wars (1420 - 1436)

English capture Normandy (1419 - 1420)

Pope Martin V (r.1417 - 1431)

Battle of Agincourt (1415)

Henry V (r.1413 - 1422)
St. Joan of Arc (1412 - 1431)


Pope Gregory XII (r.1406 - 1415)

James I, King of Scotland (r.1406 - 1437)
Pope Innocent VII (r.1404 - 1406)

Romano Giulio (c.1499 - 1546)

Hans Holbein the Younger (1497/8 - 1543)

John Taverner (1495 - 1545)

François Rabelais (c.1494 - 1553)

Hans Sachs (1494 - 1576)

Jacopo Carucci Pontormo (1494 - 1557)

Jacques Cartier (1491 - 1557)

Hugh Latimer (1490 - 1555)

Thomas Cranmer (1489 - 1556)

Titian (c.1487 - 1576)

Martin Luther (1483 - 1546)

Raphael (1483 - 1520)

Ferdinand Magellan (1480 - 1521)

Lucrezia Borgia (1480 - 1519)

St. Thomas More (1478 - 1535)

Girolamo Fracastoro (c.1478 - 1553)

Juan Sebastian del Cano (c.1476 - 1526)

Lambert Simnel (c.1475 - 1535)

Giorgione (c.1475 - 1510)

Michelangelo (1475 - 1535)

Perkin Warbeck (c.1474 - 1499)

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473 - 1543)

Albrecht Dürer (1471 - 1528)

Juan de Encina (1469 - 1529)

Nanak (c.1469 - 1539)

Vasco da Gama (c.1469 - 1524)

Desiderius Erasmus (c.1466 - 1536)

Hans Holbein the Elder (c.1464 - 1524)

Hieronymus Bosch (1460 - 1516)

John Skelton (c.1460 - 1529)

Juan Ponce de León (c.1460 - 1521)

Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519)

Amerigo Vespucci (1451 - 1512)


Sandro Botticelli (1445 - 1510)











Robert Henryson (1430 - 1505)

Carlo Crivelli (c.1430 - 1493)

Thomas Malory (1430 - 1471)

 

William Caxton (c.1422 - 1491)

 

Masaccio (1401 -1428)





Aberdeen University founded (1494)










Playing cards invented (1486)




Aethelhampton built (1485)





































Glasgow University founded (1451)










Eton College founded (1441)
















Order of the Golden Fleece founded (1429)














St. Andrew's University founded (1411)
1400





































































1350





































































1301		 Henry IV (r.1399 - 1413)


Philip the Good (1396 - 1467), Duke of Burgundy (1419 - 1467)
Golden Horde defeated (1395)




Robert III, King of Scotland (r.1390 - 1406)
Cosimo de Medici (1389 - 1464)
Battle of Kosovo (1389)

Pope Boniface IX (r.1389 - 1404)

Battle of Otterburn (1388)

Aviz Dynasty in Portugal (1385 - 1580)



Peasants' Revolt (1381)

Charles VI, King of France (r.1380 - 1422)
The Great Schism (1378 - 1415)

Pope Urban VI (r.1378